01 · Timing
When and how to begin
Direct sow after frost or transplant young seedlings carefully into a sunny site.
02 · Growing sequence
See the crop change before it happens.

- 01Avoid excess fertilizer.
- 02Thin for strong branching.
- 03Stake only where wind exposure requires it.
- 04Leave selected seed heads for birds or saving seed.
03 · Below the surface
Give the roots their working volume.
12–18 in final spacing
¼ in
A modest taproot and lean growth perform best without excessive fertility.
04 · Harvest
Know when it is ready

Still developing

Cut stems when blooms are beginning to open, or deadhead to extend flowering.

Quality or vigor may decline when harvest is delayed beyond the intended stage.
05 · Common trouble
Inspect before you treat
Symptoms can share several causes. Check moisture, recent weather, and the complete plant before applying a treatment.
Open the illustrated problem solver →